Why hypertension is called the 'silent killer'
Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps. When that force stays too high over time — a condition called hypertension — the arteries, heart, brain, kidneys and eyes are quietly damaged long before you feel anything wrong.
Most people with high blood pressure feel perfectly well. That is exactly what makes it dangerous: it is usually discovered during a routine check, a hospital admission, or after a complication such as a stroke has already occurred.
Know your numbers
Blood pressure is recorded as two figures, for example 120/80 mmHg — the pressure when your heart beats, and the pressure between beats.
- Normal: below 120/80 mmHg
- Elevated: 120–129 systolic and below 80 diastolic
- Stage 1 hypertension: 130–139 / 80–89 mmHg
- Stage 2 hypertension: 140/90 mmHg or higher
- Hypertensive crisis: 180/120 mmHg or higher — seek immediate care
Who is at risk?
Hypertension becomes more common with age, but younger adults are increasingly affected too, especially in our urban environment.
- Family history of high blood pressure, stroke or heart disease
- Diets high in salt, processed food and alcohol
- Physical inactivity and excess weight
- Chronic stress and poor sleep
- Diabetes, kidney disease or high cholesterol
- Tobacco use in any form
Warning signs you should never ignore
Although many people have no symptoms, some experience persistent headaches — especially at the back of the head, blurred vision, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats. If you notice any of these, please see a doctor promptly.
Left untreated, hypertension can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney damage and loss of vision. The good news: nearly all of these complications are preventable when blood pressure is controlled early.
Practical steps to protect your heart
Small, consistent changes make a real difference. Our cardiologists recommend:
- Check your blood pressure at least once a year — more often if it has ever been high
- Reduce salt and seasoning cubes; flavour food with herbs and spices instead
- Aim for at least 30 minutes of brisk activity on most days of the week
- Limit alcohol, and avoid tobacco completely
- Take prescribed medication every day, even when you feel fine
- Manage stress and prioritise restful sleep
This article is for general information only and does not replace a consultation. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms discussed, please speak with a doctor.
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